International board for plant genetic resources, ibpgr, rome, italy pages. Management of hybrid maize seed production fields 19 1. Its genetic variation has been characterized by using molecular markers and by sequencing multiple alleles from selected loci 5,6. Kenyans consume maize in a wide variety of ways ugali, porridges and beer. These farmers grow their own seed and depend on maize as their main source of food. Seed has been, and still is, the most important limiting factor in maize production in pakistan. The book includes chapters from the foremost maize experts on the role of maize in the origin of plant genetics, in modern crop improvement and in the study of genome structure, function and evolution. Maize is the most heavily cultivated cereal crop globally, with an. Pdf standard heterosis for grain yield in maize hybrids. Chemical composition of the maize kernel components % carbohydrates 84,0 protein 10,9 fat 4,5 minerals 1,3 table 1.
Genetic structure and diversity among maize inbred lines. Heterosis or hybrid vigour is a phenomenon in which hybrid progeny exhibit superior yield and biomass to parental lines and has been used to breed f1 hybrid cultivars in many crops. Maize is epic fps adventure game tells about scientists. It can be used to complement high protein forages like grass silage or. For the psnt, soil samples are taken to a depth of 12 inches when the corn is 12 inches tall. Maize production in india has grown at a cagr of 5.
Maize is also used in livestock feed poultry, pigs, cattle in the form of grains, feed milling or as fodder. Russell wa 1974 comparative performance for maize hybrids representing different eras of maize breeding. It can produce different size of maize grits, and maize flour from 30 to 120 mesh. Despite the important roles of meg1 in maize seed development. Influence of plant height and of leaf number on maize production at high plant densities1 luis sangoi2 and ricardo jonathan salvador3 abstract this experiment was conducted in ames, iowa, us, with the purpose of verifying if reduction in plant height, through the use of dwarfing genes, or leaf number, by growing short season. Optimization of genomic prediction of hybrid performance. Although genetic and molecular underpinnings of heterosis are still.
Maize food and agriculture organization of the united nations. It accounts for 9 per cent of total food grain production in the country. Please see the map on the following pages that show the location of olivia, within the state of mn and plant site in troy township. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Hybrid maize technologies available for commercial production 10 1. It exhibits less risk of spoilage in shipping and storage than dent maize since hard kernel absorbs less moisture. The center works to sustainably increase the productivity of maize and wheat systems and thus ensure global food security and reduce poverty. Nitrogen fertilization of corn penn state extension. Mexico safeguards the main genetic diversity of maize and its wild. Regeneration, in situ conservation, core collection, and prebreeding. Therefore, heterosis in reference to a standard check variety standard heterosis is important for commercialization of maize hybrids shrestha et al.
Genomewide patterns of genetic variation among elite. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga weed in maizebased cropping systems in africa z. Genetic structure and diversity among maize inbred lines as inferred from dna microsatellites kejun liu, major goodman, spencer muse, j. Khan international centre for insect physiology and ecology icipe maize is the most important cereal crop, which serve as staple food for millions in subsaharan africa. Optimization of genomic prediction of hybrid performance in maize. Information on the gross chemical composition of maize is. It starts by the cleaning of the maize and ends by its grinding and sieving into flour. Seed an arvum group company technology maize guide. There have been four principal and several minor theories regarding the origin of. Furthermore, standard prototype forms for recording field information will be made available as downloadable files. The present investigation on maize was comprised of a halfdiallel set of 8 parents, 28 f1 hybrids and 2 check varieties viz. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center.
It is mainly used as a food source and now has become the most important raw material for animal feed pimentel and patzek, 2005. Maize chloroplast and mitochondrial genes have been characterised in detail, with a focus on cytoplasmic. Research at penn state has focused on the presidedress soil nitrate test psnt and the leaf chlorophyll meter test for corn. Latin american maize germplasm regeneration and conservation. Springer3 1usdaars, plant genetics research unit, and division of plant sciences, university of missouri, columbia, missouri, united states of america, 2usdaars, u. In addition, it is used a raw material in a range of industries agrifood, textile, pharmaceutical, etc. Maize milling rated capacities and development partners mill size rated capacity mt per day development partners large scale 50 ffi, gain medium scale 20 50 ffi, hki, meda, phc, sanku, wfp small scale less than 20 sanku, wvi, unicef, other in the case of maize milling the cutoff point needs to be clarified based on. Maize population research and development agreement. Context and background on maize and its wild relatives. The maternally expressed gene meg family is a locallyduplicated gene family of maize which encodes cysteinerich proteins crps. Types and uses of maize there are a number of different types of maize. For sorghum this implies adjustment of the plant spacing and amounts of fertilizer applied and some adjustment in the measuring protocol. Maize, also known as corn zea mays l, has been recognised worldwide as a major energy feed ingredient in the diets of poultry.
Ppt heterosis powerpoint presentation free to view. The maize flour production process is mechanical and consists of several processes. It can totally meet the different needs of the market. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1.
Maize with a high percentage of translucent of hard endosperm is preferred by the dry milling industry, because it produces more of the popular highquality and highvalue products sought after than does soft maize. This will be issued as a separate addendum to this document. Dissect expression of heat stress tolerance of maize to identify genes, component traits, and mechanisms of stress tolerance. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Its major nutritional limitation has been the low protein content and poor protein quality, which necessitates the use of expensive high. Contents 2 where to grow maize 4 seedbed preparation 5 when to drill forage maize 6 which variety. Spring maize is one of the success stories in pakistani agriculture.
On a daily basis, we can access from maize about 66. Transgenic foodmaize has been detectedalbeit in variable proportionsdeep in the. Maize milling technologies food fortification initiative. As maize is one of the best researched and characterised plants, significant. Maize is the most important food crop in the w orld for people and animal due to its high quality nutrition.
The founding member of the family, meg1, is required for normal development of the basal endosperm transfer cell layer betl and is involved in the allocation of maternal nutrients to growing seeds. Achhami 1 article info food and nutritional securities are the major threats cou article history. Corn, zea mays, belongs to the poaceae family, and while eaten sometimes as a vegetable and sometimes as a grain, it is actually classified by botanists as a fruit, as are tomatoes, green peppers, cucumbers, zucchini and other squashes. Technology maize guide 2015 an arvum group company. Antinutrients survey of three maize varieties consumed in abakaliki, metropolis nigeria ugwu okechukwu p c1, nwodo okwesili f c1, joshua parker e1, bawa abubakar2, ossai emmanuel c1, odo christian e1 and afiukwa celestine a3 research paper three major maize varieties found in abakiliki metropolis in nigeria namely the pop corn, white. The way in which maize is processed and consumed varies greatly from country to country, maize flour and maize meal being two of the most popular products. Primary considerations for the refinery location included access to. In maize hybrid breeding, inbreds from complementary heterotic groups are crossed to create hybrids with superior vigor and increased yield, exploiting a phenomenon known as heterosis. From a measurement of the nitraten level in this sample, a sidedress nitrogen fertilizer recommendation can be made. However, maize is re latively a new crop to most thai farmers cornpared to rice which has been grown from time immemorial. Integrated management of cereal stem borers and striga.
Maize is thought to have originated at least 5000 years ago in the highlands of mexico, peru, ecuador, andor bolivia because of the great density of native forms found in the region. The improvement of maize yields for ear weight depends on the knowledge of the type of the gene action involved in its inheritance and also the genetic control of related traits such as the capacity for production rezaei et. Genetics and genomics centers on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant genetics and crop improvement. In doing this, some 84 mexican ethnic groups are also acting as stewards of maize genetic diversity. The united states is the worlds largest producer and exporter of maize. Annotation csv files for the exon arrays are split into a probeset level annotation file and a transcript cluster level annotation file. Heterosis is prevalent for multiple traits in diverse maize germplasm sherry a.
Twumasiafriyie2 1international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt, mexico 2 cimmyt, ethiopia introduction maize zea mays l. Maize or corn is a cereal with ears consisting of either white, yellow or rust coloured grains, rich in starch, which are attached to a cob protected by layers of fibrous leaves. It possesses over 32,000 genes on ten chromosomes with a genome size of 2. Green maize, fresh on the cob, is eaten roasted or boiled separately or mixed with legumes. Ten chapters were prepared as background for the work of the maize advisory group and for input. Maize is the third most important cereal crop in india after rice and wheat. In africa, maize production is continuously and severely affected by a number of threats, such as weeds. Assessment of maize zea mays as feed resource for poultry. Minnesota maize owns and operates a corn wetmill refinery that is located in renville county on the northwest edge of the city of olivia, mn.
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